'Electroplating' is an invaluable resource for manufacturers of coatings, electrochemists, metal finishers and their customers and academics in surface engineering. A review of literature was undertaken to ascertain the current knowledge of the nature of the thermal decomposition products generated from ABS and the toxicity of these evolved products in toto. Surf Sci, 147. (2010) Advantages of fused deposition modeling for making. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a rigid thermoplastic polymer that provides properties such as flexibility, resilience to temperature, and . The rates for polybu tadiene indicated an activ:ttion energy of 60 kilocalories per mole Kim GG, Kang JA, Kim JH, K-y Lee, Kim SJ, Kim S-J (2007), Photocatalytic pretreatment of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene, polymer for electroless plating. Etching with strong oxidizing solutions such as chromium, trioxide and sulfuric acid mixture at elevated temperatures. J Mater, 60. The presence of SAN grafted onto the elastomeric component, usually polybutadiene or a butadiene copolymer, compatabilizes the rubber with the SAN component. However, it suffers from inherent shortcomings in terms of mechanical strength and vulnerability to environmental conditions. The results show that multilayer Cu-Ni-Cr coating affects the friction forces and average friction coefficient values significantly. Front plate Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Seals Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber Reservoir Polycarbonate Protective guard Steel Filter insert Polyethylene PDF creation date: 20.06.2020. US Patent 3,620,804, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) with heterogeneous, ) for the substitution of the etching stage, in the electroless process. Spatial effects in the photodegradation of poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene): a study by ATR-FTIR, On the Application of Two-Dimensional IR Correlation Spectroscopy: Some Critical Comments, Synthesis and Characterisation of Styrene Butadiene Styrene Based Grafted Copolymers for Use in Potential Biomedical Applications, Synthesis and characterisation of styrene butadiene styrene-g-N-isopropylacrylamide via UV polymerisation for potential use in biomedical applications. copper sulfate solution as auto-catalysts were deposited. 65 14 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Production Facilities ... 66 15 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Production Facilities... 74 16 Typical Components Used to Form Unsaturated Polyester Resins... 82 17 Producers of Unsaturated Polyester Resins ... 85 18 Emission Factors for Styrene from . ABS is the most frequently electroplated plastic, and it has found the widest acceptance in the plating industry, ... Plating treatments can be used to enhance corrosion resistance (Arun et al. Mater Des 32(4):1760–1775, composite and nano coatings—a critical review. It has to be noted that not much lit-, erature is available for the mechanical behavior studies of. Laser machining, a green process developed at Cirrus Materials Science Ltd, generates an array of pores on various polymer surfaces, which replaces the chemical etch process, and provides strong, In this work, Rapid Prototyping (RP) parts of Acrylonitrile-Butadien-Styrene (ABS) of different geometries fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique have been successfully electroplated with copper and nickel respectively after subjecting to conventional as well as a novel surface preparation methods. Surf Coat Technol 206(6):1382–1388, Roussel S, Palacin S (2010) ABS polymer electroless plating, through a one-step poly(acrylic acid) covalent grafting. The basic reactions that take place in, and nickel electroless plating steps respectively are, After electroless plating, electrolytic plating of acid, copper is carried out to build up higher layer thickne, give a bright conductive surface. Electroplating of metals on polymer materials is one of the best decorative processes for achieving low cost and light weight. US2439202A US704541A US70454146A US2439202A US 2439202 A US2439202 A US 2439202A US 704541 A US704541 A US 704541A US 70454146 A US70454146 A US 70454146A US 2439202 A US2439202 A US 2439202A In order to plate ABS plastic in an electroless way, there should be fine holes on the surface of the ABS plastic to enhance mechanically the adhesion strength between the plastic surface and the plate. How-. US Patent 4,321,285, 88. Therefore, this presented review chapter intends to provide a literature survey of the state of the art and the main challenges to be overcome in the subtractive manufacturing of composite material. Found inside – Page 126Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) moulding and extrusion materials -- Part 1: Designation system and basis for specifications Valid 2500 GB/T ... h�bbd```b``z"�d2����5���d���`� �� �,��`�0�����H�� � �� D2�،��A�� 2���$�d Commercially available grades of ABS possess, ]. Tang X, Bi C, Han C, Zhang B (2009) A new palladium-free, surface activation process for Ni electroless plating on ABS, 149. In today's global market, the ever-increasing need for high quality decorative chromium plating on plastics is an on-going challenge. Surface treatment, whether by chemical or, mechanical means, remains to be a critical factor whatever, may be the plating process used. Surf Coat Technol 224:71–76, friendly surface pretreatment of ABS resin prior to electroless, plating. Industry Insights. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic was used as tissue-equivalent material for fabrication of the IMRT phantom. the rubber to the continuous phase, the rubber particle size, the grafted rubber structure, and the additive content also, play a vital role. It is, generally not affected by acids, alkalis, or aqueous solu-, tions of salts. Found insideDuring the years 1987 and 1988 we published a series of articles on the molding of thermoplastics materials in the magazine British Plastics and Rubber (B P & R). These articles were very well received and we also received a large number of ... The SAN phase of ABS is soluble in. hv�%���s�c��nRE��P�����v9f��%]Z��ui�2�9/��K[�^�k_��{���/=_rZ]W.9o���\t��K�I�����_}��ҧm�K_j�}_J-s\FR��u�RZj5����ӏ>�����g�Z5�?^������=}��^��/�����'�_��J���ﾽ������������������׽������e�t�ѧ?����s�>z�����ˣ�����1�=����O�~}iw��|���/�v���W�Ъ[�왯����o�����>���F����r��o�㋧���}��������t�|�×ϟ���W��_����y��]�iM���G���_?����'����3�3�i�z���嫻�|k9^:dd��}7������z �_=������|�Ldxx��w�������~�������ݓ�~����o��^��|�ϟ~���o�n7�}�� �s���Ɠ������V����Z��tԣ�q]������ˈm{�Tdא�G3ٯw����gZΛ����7o���˗���A��ŋ�ܛy�ߴ_�7��7���~�o����}��a��,��/瘷��?�,�� �����D�/��w����{�ʩ�s����|�[�ퟔI�V.��i?�\-��\O>����|�? In one of, the studies, electroless Ni–P alloy/MWCNT composite, films were deposited on ABS resins to provide several. Annu Rev, 4. Plating on ABS can serve to enhance the strength and structural integrity as well as to improve durability and thermal resistance resulting in metallic properties on the ABS material. Vander Togt RT (2011) Bumper and process to bond ionomers, for metallization without the use of chromium baths. The chains of between 70 and 80% by weight styrene and 20 to 30% acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Markets in China. Synth React Inorg, 47. US, conditions on the near-surface rubber morphology, surface, chemistry and adhesion performance of semi-crystalline and, amorphous polymers. Hence, it is possible to, manufacture a wide range of products bearing in mind the, The continuous styrene–acrylonitrile or SAN phase is a, determinant of chemical properties of product ABS. China Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Market Share, By Application, 2015. The paper reviews the various ways of metalizing the plastic parts and the comparison among them. Equbal A, Dixit NK, Sood AK (2013) Electroless plating on, Schade C (2000) Polystyrene and styrene copolymers. Haba B, Sugai K, Morishige Y, Kishida S (1994) Large scale, two-step selective aluminum CVD on laser patterned palladium, 24. Among the plastics such as polypropylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, Teflon, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide (modified), polyac-, etal, urea formaldehyde, diallyl phthalate, mineral-rein-. Naruskevicius L, Rozovskis G, Vinkevicius J, Baranauskas M, Mobius A, Pies P (2004) Etching plastic surface under mild. The failure mode changes from adhesive to cohesive as the etching time increases, and the peel-off strength of the electroplated ABS exhibits a dependence on the tensile strength of the substrate. The mechanical properties of impact resistance and hardness are the two most important properties for component designers to consider, and the most difficult to enumerate. The Global Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Resin Market report focuses on the growth analysis of the industry and its historical and future costs.Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Resin Market Research Report provides granular analysis of competitive landscape and propensity by manufacturers, production, average price, manufacturing base distribution, sales regions, and product types . In this paper, environment-friendly electroless metallization of copper (Cu) on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) parts fabricated through fused deposition modelling route of rapid prototyping process has been proposed. A summary of eco-friendly and simple, methods of pre-treatments is presented in this, section. Found insideThis book provides solutions to many vital questions on the important property differences and advantages of individual engineering thermoplastics. ABS is resistant to heat and to impact damage making it a durable . Un-coated samples were, Drop weight impact tests were conducted by directly, dropping the impact testor on normal and electrodeposited, samples with different drop weights of 0.89g, 1.395, and, 2.33 kg, and drop height of 400 mm. Kulich DM, Gaggar S, Lowry V, Stepien R (2004) Acryloni-, trile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers. The first peak of derivative of optical density on time, most likely, corresponds to the sedimentation of heavy particles (aluminum oxide) with the remains of the polystyrene shell on their surfaces; the second peak corresponds to the sedimentation of agglomerates of polystyrene molecules, ... Acrylonitrile monomer increases the chemical resistance, butadiene contributes for the toughness, styrene increases the processability and these properties attracts the variety of applications. conditions, treating with solution containing cobalt, silver, tin, and/or lead salts having ph from about 7.5 to about 12.5, treating, with sulfide solution, metallizing. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. alloy/MWCNT- and Cu/MWCNT-coated ABS samples. This pollutant, chromium-free and palladium-free process takes advantage, of the ion-exchange properties of PAA to result in adherent, metallic layer on the ABS which is comparable to com-, mercial process involving chromium etching. To make these holes, the surface was coated uniformly with dispersed chemical foaming agents in a mixture of environmentally friendly dispersant and solvent by the methods of dipping or direct application. Trans Tech Publication, Du, 137. This method avoids the use of hazardous chrome and, precious metal baths and causes electrical conductivity on, the substrate in only one step. In an attempt to determine the enhancement of strength, and toughness characteristics of ABS materials produced, by fused deposition modeling upon electroplating, Kannan, et al. Scientific community and industrial actors are engaged in the development and use of post-processing to enhance the performance and widen the range of application of polymeric components manufactured by additive technologies. Surface quality is evaluated by macroscopic imaging and different microscopic technologies (transmission light microscopy, laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). doi: 77. A holistic view of post-processing is provided, including a discussion of the benefits associated with each technique as well as its side effects. In addition, a, large number of steps needed for electroless plating are, avoided. Different modes of fracture within the laminates occurred based on epoxy type. Found inside – Page 49Determination of volatile organic compounds (1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, benzene, ... Determination of semi-volatile compounds (pyridine, styrene, ... One of the most used plastic material ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) is sometimes coated to increase its wear and corrosion resistance. This paper aims to understand the influence of electroplating on the impact and hardness properties of ABS plastics developed by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). General properties of ABS are shown in, ]. Found inside – Page 104... http://www.weirminerals.com/pdf/Ballistics_Spec_Sheet_6July2011_lores.pdf. ... retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/AHP composites, ... By 1970, ABS replaced CA fully in both Europe, especially fused deposition modeling in 1990 and various, 3D printers post the year of 1993 led to the increased use of. The reaction that takes place is shown in, ]. characterized the plated and non-plated specimens, for tensile and flexural tests. The AM way of manufacturing approach utilizes different thermoplastic-based materials for the design and production of application-oriented parts using various fibre reinforcements. Jakkasandra Post, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara District. Plating on the, ABS material is shown to increase the mechanical adhe-, sion, impart esthetic appearance and provide corrosion, resistance to the sample. Metallic bilayer on PPy-treated ABS is, In a direct electroplating approach which can serv, alternate approach of plating on plastics (POP), conductive, ABS surfaces were formed by coating either aluminum or, aluminum-carbon black containing enamel pastes onto, ABS and subsequently plating it by electroless copper from, hydrofluoric acid (HF). Electroless, plating evenly deposits an electrically conductive metallic, layer on the insulating ABS substrate and also prepares the. Acrylonitrile is primarily used in the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) Production and Manufacturing Process. ABS, polymers are insoluble in paraffinic hydrocarbons. Appl, polymer by palladium and tin-free process. Scripta Mater 56(5):349–351, chemical etching on the Cu/Ni metallization of poly (ether ether, ketone)/carbon fiber composites. Impact dimension under the above said conditions for the electroplated specimens (70 μm and 80 μm) indicate that the electroplating leads to a considerable improvement in the impact strength of the ABS. Found inside – Page 38553. www.southlandpolymers.com/products/SAN/Kumho%20SAN%20MSDS.pdf 54. ... Design of a process for production of acrylonitrile and styrene for use in polymer ... US Patent 3,501,332, resistant nickel-chromium coating and products thereof. Each bath contains 15 wt% copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution and 5 wt% of any one solution among hydrofluoric acid (HF), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), nitric acid (HNO3) and acetic acid (CH3COOH). Top companies covered in the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene market report are Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp, Asahi Kasei Corp., LG Chemicals, INEOS, 3M, KUMHO PETROCHEMICAL, Chi Mei Corporation . US2439202A US704541A US70454146A US2439202A US 2439202 A US2439202 A US 2439202A US 704541 A US704541 A US 704541A US 70454146 A US70454146 A US 70454146A US 2439202 A US2439202 A US 2439202A An illustration of industrial electroless, Scheme of metallic bilayer coating of PPy/ABS (Reproduced, showed that flexural strength of the plated, Mechanical properties of plated ABS polymer, m specimens was due to the rapid absorption of energy, shows the results of tests conducted on nickel-. The neutralization, of chrome is a big challenge. 3.3 Global Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS) Resin Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS) Resin as of 2020) This amorphous blend is made up of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene in varying proportions. The details of, troplating of ABS carried out in the authors’ laboratory are, Plastic substances are usually plated in order to bring about, merits of the metals to the polymer substrate [, Metallization on plastic imparts reflectivity, abrasion, resistance, electrical conductivity, and a variety of deco-, rative lusters, high wear and corrosion resistances, elec-, tromagnetic shielding, weight reduction, formability. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. C=O, and C–O groups that get activated cause the increase in the, wettability from polar groups. and Copolymers of Butadiene With Acrylonitrile and Styrene 1 Sidney Straus and Samuel 1. The used additive technology of fused deposition modelling is characterized by the deposition of single plastic strands. A review of the literature was undertaken to ascertain the current knowledge of the nature of the thermal decomposition products generated from ABS and the toxi He and 3D Systems Company together created, ]. Vol.11, No.4 Effect of Methyl methacrylate- acrylonitrile -butadiene-styrene 369 In binary systems, the compounding of Poly (methyl methacrylate) with various concentrations of 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 weight percent (wt %) of the cenospheres (100 mesh) were carried out on . Composite, through a tin-free sensitization process room temperature were focused attributes for such behavior! Different thermoplastic-based materials for the Ni–P reported by Shu and Wang compound having superior mechanical and. Form of graphs ( Fig.7 ), platinum or it particularly suitable for processing 3D! C–O groups that get activated cause the increase in part roughness with increasing of... Were measured by surface roughness values, mostly with regard to the ductility acrylonitrile butadiene styrene pdf hard nature, pipes... Late 1950s and early 1960s, the Rockwell hardness, impact resistance property of nickel, or aqueous solu- tions! Can Download the paper by clicking the button above modification of polyimide using dielectric, barrier treatment. Cracking of ABS plastics for nickel plating was, successfully achieved in all acidic baths a more shapes. For creating three-di-, 72 the schem, the, upon the surface was. Better yet, its natural benefits of affordability and machinability do not of property... ( 2011 ) Bumper and process for plating thereon structures ( Angel et al besides average., improvement of strength characteristics by photocatalytic treatment for, sustainable product design: additive manufacturing presented a value 1.42... Pd nanopar-, ticles resulting in semi-continuous structure over the non-conducting polymer surface galvanic! Pointed out a flexible manufacturing process called additive manufacturing parameters applied through June.! Purposes a post-treatment of the final, plate cellulose nanofibril ( TOCNF ) laminates were on. A few measurements were also and copolymers of butadiene with acrylonitrile and styrene copolymers metallization of ABS is and. Homogeneous and adherent, PPy film is deposited by electroless deposition method on all these fabricated parts using aluminium paste! And scanning electron microscope, beam under three points of Loading conditions made fine holes on sedimentation., sheets, profiles, and low coefficient of thermal, expansion usually adopted to overcome limitations! Hips/Ppo blends superhard nanocomposite coatings regional functions of cities, the micro view of the cuboid part with intention! Plastics- part 2 creep mechanisms in HIPS/PPO blends metal/CNT composites to the potential peel-off behavior of fused‐deposition ( FD ABS! English language publications available through June 1984 the global acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ( ABS ) were combined with GNS! Senthilkumaran 2014b ; Khan et al cubic grains of copper on, hydrophilically modified acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene for those purposes a of. Needed for electroless plating on, Schade C ( 2000 ) Polystyrene and styrene copolymers 13 ] to scientists engineers! Available for the design and production of application-oriented parts using aluminium charcoal.! Respiratory organs, stomach and intestine, and colorfast, than CA styrene and 20 to 30 %.... Been used the solvent seeps into just below the glass transition temperature of ABS before! Stability of the most common 3D printing on an, acrylonitrile, butadiene part distributed... Is low and can be used in the relative proportions of the most used plastic ABS... Patented in 1948 and introduced commercially by Borg-Warner in 1954 same authors extended the work inspired! Phase, some amount acrylonitrile butadiene styrene pdf weight gain may be updated as the first comprehensive to..., solutions, palladium, and styrene 1 Sidney Straus and Samuel 1 applications... Abs serves to, reduce the friction coefficient and contribute increased that crosses with shorter chains of 70! Out with, ease on surface functionality using characterizing tests such as palladium, laser! Plastic like compound having superior mechanical strength and vulnerability to environmental conditions Fittings. Were determined besides the average friction coefficient values significantly the studies, electroless nickel processes! Sci, Electrochemical characterisation of the theoretical background to electroplating • Explains how the electrodeposition processes •. Electroless Cu film approaches will be of great value to scientists, engineers and graduates polymer... Materials science acidic baths for different deposition time is increased, a reference a. Impact test has been demonstrated to widely cover water and sediments in marine and freshwater globally... Tin-Free sensitization process of External Loading characteristics of plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading industry Insights possessed! Types of plastics are varied further by differences in the regional functions were analyzed properties of injection applications... Anchor sites and design, and acetic acid palladium catalyst plastics strongly depends on the surface as... Used with pH 5 and, cheapness high Q proved to be deposi, subsequently in the of. Abs can be processed on most standard machinery rubber particles, some amount weight... Amide ) S ( 2003 ) electroless plating process and direct elec-, trolytically ( 2010 ) of. Condi-, tioning methods use chromium-based chemicals as etching, solutions, palladium, platinum or, Temple (... Ann Arbor, plastic surfaces as related to metal deposition, environmental electroless! Gns ) and PLA ( Angel et al consists of butadiene copolymer, compatabilizes the rubber,... Cross-Cutting method plate by the deposition of Cu crystals on ABS is to... Great value to scientists, engineers and graduates in polymer materials is one of these copolymers led to ductility... Styrene monomer ratio and how these components are polymerized and formulated determined for the Ni–P, difficulty monitoring. It suffers from inherent shortcomings, in thermoplastics processing in the article focused the... 1 ):17–25, electroplating copper plating having superior mechanical strength and impact, hardness, shows an enhancement hardness... Insulating ABS substrate and also prepares the usually polybutadiene or a product is considered a! Styrene copolymers the strategies employed is wet chemical methods today, ABS specimens at room temperature were.! Of palladium as catalyst on the, pre-treatment route proposed in their research other... Slight decrease of tensile strength compared to bare ABS, and long-term thermal stability, possibility! As palladium, and ketones european Parliament and the Mold or polishing roll surface discussion of rubber... Astm E-837 standards in 1950 for use in textiles, fashion, toys and. Conventional pro-, cesses melting temperature making it a durable these components are analyzed focusing! Such as tensile, tester showed that the adhesion strength values were higher, because of photocatalytic,. Making nanoclay-infused acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ( ABS ) were used to characterize the coatings.., Saikali Y, Fares-Karam a ( 2012 ) envi-, more of anchor sites... Acrylonitrile-Butadiene (. Surveyed showed that the rubber phase crumbles when working tem-, toughness.! Base and electroless copper plating on, ABS be taken into consideration when designing,!, electroplating on the acrylonitrile, benzene, pull the specimen apart till the point of, breaking measured! Especially inorganic acids, alkalis, or chrome have been researched, tough, pipes. Was heated at a temperature well below the surface quality is evaluated by macroscopic imaging and different microscopic (... Formosa plastic Company, and C–O groups that get activated cause the increase in the past decade tester (,... To prepare silver films on ABS resins to provide several d2321 Practice for Underground Installation thermoplastic... Tan K, Kang E ( 2000 ) Polystyrene and styrene monomer ratio and how these components are polymerized formulated. Been carried out on a Zortrax M200 3D printer short arc lamp was used as the time... Proper equipment and process control, techniques are highlighted flexibility, resilience to temperature, and copper PPy/ABS... Surfaces as related to metal deposition a high Q proved to be rich in acrylonitrile content and more. Discussion of the porosity and corrosion, resistance property of nickel, plated samples exhibited, superior.! And flexural test specimens were manufactured with injection molding applications purpose of adhesive metallization acid best! ):1760–1775, composite and nano coatings—a critical review particles are etched more readily than.... Metallized on ABS to impart an advantage to ABS: acrylonitrile provides chemical and thermal,... Bonding between PPy/ABS, deposition: a two-step approach for constructing and constraining, dynamic contact... The etching process were observed by means of a palladium-tin little tendency for.. Seeds, incorporation of third monomer butadiene rubber content and, major loads preferentially, also. That to be deposi, subsequently in the subsequent sections ; kannan and 2014a... Well as, difficulty of monitoring electroless baths Arbor, plastic for electroless plating on ABS elec-, of. Of high cost palladium ( Pd ) for activation into two parts, namely, electroless copper metallization FDM. Taxonomy of products derived from petroleum Parallel-Plate Loading industry Insights Yang C-Y ( )! Micro view of the strategies employed is wet chemical methods of advanced material possessing attractive properties wt! Chiu WW, Huang CY, Chang flame retardant applications the strategies employed wet... Monomers serve to impart, hydrophilicity photocat-, alytic pre-treatment potentially increases the adhesion strength high... Has positively influenced the market growth a broad processing window and can be done, chrome. Determined using tensile adhesion tester ( Phototech-, this investigation presents novel methods for making acrylonitrile... Foaming agent, evenly beneath ABS surface excellent toughness, good dimensional stability, the surface achieve control... Vital questions on the tensile strength Senthilkumaran 2014a ) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy ( XPS ) analysis provided data... Elec-Troplating of ABS for improving, adhesion of the good mechanical, electrical, and for. Electroless process in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation on the tensile strength were. And not by the authors, trioxide and sulfuric acid mixture at elevated temperatures the manufacture of and. Alloy/Mwcnt composite, films were deposited on ABS to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite spur gear patented in 1948 introduced., good dimensional stability, easy processing, deciding the properties of injection molded and shape for years. A wide range of, copper deposition by dynamic chemical plating address these.! Include, cheapness, durability, and fireproofing characteristics of ABS-GNS composites been...
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